ARCHITECTURE INCA
There were different types of walls in Inca times and summarized these into five basic models:
- The Rustic or "Pirka": Made of rough hewn stone and accommodated without much care, the blanks were filled with small stones and abundant clay. This type is used for the construction of terraces, warehouses and houses for ordinary people, etc..
- Cell type: It is similar to the structure of a honeycomb made of small polygonal limestone, there are examples of this type in Qolqanpata, Chinchero, Tarawasi, ETC.
- The type of enchased: Made from igneous rocks. Examples of this type are the Main Temple in Ollantaytambo, the Temple of Three Windows in Machu Picchu, Cusco Rumiyoq Hatun, etc.
- The Sedimentary or Imperial Incan: Consisting mainly of medium-high stone regular horizontal rows that give the impression of being totally rectangular. Forming polished and perfect seams "where it is impossible to slip a razor blade or even a sheet of paper." Screen except very thin clay as a sealant appears to have been put into liquid or liquid to enable the removal and handling of the stones.
- The type Cyclopean: Also known as megalithic is characterized by having huge boulders that in some cases can reach 8.5 meters. (28 feet) high as those seen in Saqsaywaman or exiting the Main Temple in Ollantaytambo.
Normally, the Inca walls are supported and have a slight tilt. There is no general rule or measurement for that inclination and his main duty was to investigate some equilibrium between the walls that support them. Normally the base stones are larger or have more volume than the upper. In addition, the Inca walls are often wider at the bottom than at the top. Moreover, the classical form of Inca architecture is the keystone that gives you a sense of stability and balance. It is undeniable that immortality was investigated, the way how to make buildings earthquake eternal and indestructible by any natural disaster. Only men, blinded by fanatical ideologies could destroy part.
Building roofs with highly skilled techniques. They were usually made with wooden beams and covered with straw or "bunch grass" (local wild grass). Depending on the shape of its roof, the roof can be classified into 4: from a single slope, two slopes, from four slopes and conical. Just imagine how impressive are the structures of some large buildings, such as in Raqchi Wiraqocha Temple had a "Kallanka" the structure of 92 X 25.25 Mts. (302 X 83 feet) covering an area of 2.323 m² (25004 ft ²). Due to materials used and the amount of rainfall during the year, the roofs have a slope that varies from 50 ° to 65 °. The local wild grass "bunch grass" does not last forever roofs had renewed the regular maintenance every three or four years as happens today.
Other impressive items are the channels of the river as the Watanay and Willkamayu (Urubamba) Rivers should have built an orderly in straight lines. Even today in some parts of these rivers is possible to see the stone walls of well-carved. The building of bridges across rivers and their bases are still identified. A fine example of bridges is seen today in Qheswachaka above the Apurimac River. Work is done with the community of people who use technology and Andean families. All the above are some samples of native engineering and technology that is forgotten and the lack of identity.
